Pros and Cons

Wheel loaders, for all their versatility, are not suited for every task one might imagine for them. They are designed with specific functions, and that negates the ability to adapt to every conceivable task. Even so, they remain quite versatile.

Standard (i.e. non-tracked) wheel loaders are usually less expensive to construct and maintain than tracked wheel loaders. The non-tracked design allows for greater speed and mobility, although the tradeoff is that they are not as stable or as able to operate in difficult terrain. The tracked design, on the other hand, is harder on the surface, whether paved roads or grass or other surfaces, and thus may not be appropriate to use in all circumstances. The primary advantage of tracks over wheels is the increased traction.

Large wheel loaders employ an "articulated steering" system, in which a hydraulically actuated pivot point controls both the front and the rear axles of the wheels. Since it is set directly in the middle of the wheel chassis, it provides the wheel loader with a reduced turn radius, translating to greater maneuverability. Another advantage is that it reduces strain on the front axle, which allows the wheel loader to lift heavy loads without great concern for the structural integrity of the front axle. Even so, these advantages come at a price: the wheel loader is less stable when turning while carrying a load. Especially when the shovel is high, the raised center of gravity could cause the wheel loader to tip onto the outside edge during a turn. This is a particular concern when operating the wheel loader on uneven terrain, so operators must take this into account.